Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints. It causes inflammation in the lining of joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential joint deformity over time. Unlike osteoarthritis, RA is systemic and can also affect other tissues and organs.
Rheumatology clinic
Symptoms
- Joint pain and swelling (especially in hands, wrists, and knees)
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- Fatigue and low energy
- Warmth and redness around affected joints
- Loss of joint function
Causes & Risk Factors
- Genetic predisposition (e.g., HLA-DR4 gene)
- Hormonal influences
- Environmental triggers (e.g., infections, smoking)
Diagnosis
- Physical examination of joints
- Blood tests (e.g., Rheumatoid Factor, anti-CCP antibodies, ESR, CRP)
- Imaging (X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI)
- Evaluation of symptom history and duration
Treatment Options
- NSAIDs and corticosteroids for symptom relief
- DMARDs to slow disease progression (e.g., methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine)
- Biologics (e.g., adalimumab, etanercept)
- Lifestyle support: physical therapy, joint protection techniques
Living with
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Joint pain and swelling (often in fingers and toes)
- Morning stiffness
- Nail pitting or separation
- Lower back or heel pain
- Red, scaly skin patches (psoriasis)
When to See a Rheumatologist
If you have persistent joint stiffness, especially in the morning, or symmetrical joint pain/swelling, it’s time to consult a rheumatologist.