Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissue, causing widespread inflammation and damage to the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. It affects mostly women of childbearing age.
Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
Rheumatology clinic
Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Joint pain and swellin
- Butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose
- Photosensitivity
- Mouth or nose ulcers
- Kidney issues
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
Causes & Risk Factors
- Genetic susceptibility
- Environmental triggers (UV light, infections)
- Hormonal factors (estrogen involvement)
- Certain medications (drug-induced lupus)
Diagnosis
- Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
- Anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith antibodies
- Complement levels (C3, C4)
- Urinalysis and kidney function tests
Treatment Options
- NSAIDs and corticosteroids for flares
- Antimalarials (e.g., hydroxychloroquine)
- Immunosuppressants (azathioprine, mycophenolate)
- Biologics (e.g., belimumab)
- Sun protection and lifestyle adaptations
Living with
Lupus
- Joint pain and swelling (often in fingers and toes)
- Morning stiffness
- Nail pitting or separation
- Lower back or heel pain
- Red, scaly skin patches (psoriasis)
When to See a Rheumatologist
If you’re experiencing unexplained fatigue, joint pain, rashes, or recurring fevers, especially in combination, consult a specialist.